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The Golok or Ngolok peoples are groups from Amdo in eastern Tibet, where their territory is referred in Tibetan as . They are located around the upper reaches of the Yellow River () and the sacred mountain Amne Machin (). They are not an homogeneous group but are composed of peoples of very different ethnic backgrounds.〔Stein (1961), pp. 44, 68.〕 The Golok was a haven for malcontents, refugees and miscreants from all over the Amdo and Kham and they are an amalgamation of peoples of diverse origin. The Golok were renowned in both Tibet and China as ferocious bandits. The name Golok () means "rebellious". Neither Tibet or China was able to subdue them for long.〔Baldizzoni (1994), p. 53.〕 Legends say they were ruled by a queen, a reincarnated goddess whose power was handed down from mother to daughter.〔 In 1828 when the great mystic and poet of early 19th century Amdo, Shabkar Tsodruk Rangdröl, was returning to Amdo from Central Tibet, his caravan, carrying letters of passage from both the Dalai and Panchen Lamas, was brutally attacked and pillaged by Golok tribesmen. Some months later Shabkar told the Qinghai amban, who was the senior Qing administrator in Xining, what had happened. The amban, admitting that the Golok tribes were beyond Imperial control asked Shabkar to try preaching to them in hopes that this might tame them to some extent.〔 The Chinese had never been able to control the Goloks before, who owed allegiance to Labrang, Occasional ambushes killed soldiers of the Ninghai Army, causing loss of dispatches and livestock like yaks. The Hui army, with its modern weaponry, retaliated in draconian fashion and exterminated a group of Goloks, and then convoked the Golok tribes for negotiations, only to slaughter them. A Christian missionary, in praising the Muslim army's extermination of the Goloks as an act of God, wrote of the events of 1921 in the following way: After Tibetans attacked the Ninghai Muslim army in 1922 and 1923, the Ninghai army returned in 1924 and crushed the Tibetans, killing numerous Tibetans. The Muslim warlord Ma Qi launched a genocidal war against the Golok in 1928, inflicting a defeat upon them and seizing the Labrang Monastery. ==Footnotes== 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Golok people」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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